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Licancabur Lake
Licancabur Lake is a crater lake in Chile located in the Licancabur volcano in the Antofagasta region, of the Región de Antofagasta, Province of El Loa and close to San Pedro de Atacama as well as very close to the border of Chile with Bolivia. It is believed to be one of the highest lakes in the world at an elevation of .〔(Highest Lakes on Earth )〕
While the volcano marks the limits of Chile with Bolivia, the lake is entirely located within the Chilean part of the volcano, since only the lower two thirds of the Northeastern slope of the volcano belong to Bolivia; from the foot of the slope at ; and the international borders are located slightly over 1 kilometer to the northeast from the lake.〔(Licancabur in Acme Mapper )〕〔(Lago Licancabur in Google Maps )〕 The volcanic crater lake is 100 meters long by 70 meters and has a depth of 8 meters.〔(Licancabur, cerca de Marte – Mercuria Calama article ) (In Spanish)〕
While undertaking archaeological research on the summit in 1981, Johan Reinhard free dove the lake; he returned in 1982 with Charles Brush and three other divers and scuba dived in the lake, setting an unofficial world record for the highest ever altitude dive.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/scuba-diving-highest-altitude/ )〕
Intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, low oxygen, low atmospheric pressure and cold temperatures make the environment at this lake a close analog to Martian lakes that existed 3.5 billion years ago. Despite the extreme conditions at Licancabur, scientists say microscopic life is present and diverse. Its survival strategy might be very ancient.
== Notes ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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